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剝離試驗機技術(shù)和機械原理

更新時間:2011-10-10      點擊次數(shù):2217

 

剝離試驗機技術(shù)和機械原理
剝離試驗機也叫材料試驗機,材料試驗機技術(shù)與機械傳動技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,是充分發(fā)揮了機電各自特長而構(gòu)成的大型精密測試儀器,可對各種材料進行拉伸、壓縮、彎曲等多項性能試驗,且有測量范圍寬、精度高、響應快等特點。工作可靠,效率高,可對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行實時顯示記錄、打印。
  
  試驗機是由測量系統(tǒng)、驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、及電腦等結(jié)構(gòu)組成。傳感器、放大器和數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)測量,zui常用的測力傳感器是應變片式傳感器。
  
  所謂應變片式傳感器,就是由應變片、彈性元件和某些附件,能將某種機械量變成電量輸出的器件。
  
  從材料力學上得知,在小變形條件下,一個彈性元件某一點的應變ε與彈性元件所受的力成正比,也與彈性的變形成正比。以S型傳感器為例,當傳感器受到拉力P的作用時,由于彈性元件表面粘貼有應變片,因為彈性元件的應變與外力P的大小成正比例,故此將應變片接入測量電路中,即可通過測出其輸出電壓,從而測出力的大小。
  
  一般來說,傳感器的輸出信號都是非常微弱的,通常只有幾個mV,如果我們直接對此信號進行測量,是非常困難的,并且不能滿足高精度測量要求。因此必須通過放大器將此微弱信號放大,放大后的信號電壓可達10V,此時的信號為模擬信號,這個模擬信號經(jīng)過多路開關(guān)和A/D轉(zhuǎn)換芯片轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閿?shù)字信號,然后進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,至此,力的測量告一段落。
  
  該裝置上有兩個夾頭,經(jīng)過一系列傳動機構(gòu)與裝在測量裝置頂部的光電編碼器連在一起,當兩夾頭間的距離發(fā)生變化時,帶動光電編碼器的軸旋轉(zhuǎn),光電編碼器就會有脈沖信號輸出。再由單片機對此信號進行處理,就可以得出試樣的變形量

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